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参考文章:
WK时苹果在iOS8.0之后推出的控件,相比于UIWebView:
使用时,首先要添加头文件:
#import <WebKit/WebKit.h>
简单创建一个WKWebView:
self.iWKWebView = [[WKWebView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 64, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height-64)]; //此处协议下面会讲到 self.iWKWebView.navigationDelegate = self; self.iWKWebView.UIDelegate = self; self.iWKWebView.allowsBackForwardNavigationGestures = YES; NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://www.baidu.com"]; NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]; [self.iWKWebView loadRequest:request]; [self.view addSubview:self.iWKWebView];
基本用法和UIWebView差不多。
这里介绍几个主要的类:
WKWebViewConfiguration
WKPreferences
WKUserContentController
WKWebsiteDataStore
1. WKWebView:
常用属性:
// 导航代理@property (nullable, nonatomic, weak) idnavigationDelegate;// UI代理@property (nullable, nonatomic, weak) id UIDelegate;// 页面标题, 一般使用KVO动态获取@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *title;// 页面加载进度, 一般使用KVO动态获取@property (nonatomic, readonly) double estimatedProgress;// 可返回的页面列表, 已打开过的网页, 有点类似于navigationController的viewControllers属性@property (nonatomic, readonly, strong) WKBackForwardList *backForwardList;// 页面url@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSURL *URL;// 页面是否在加载中@property (nonatomic, readonly, getter=isLoading) BOOL loading;// 是否可返回@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL canGoBack;// 是否可向前@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL canGoForward;// WKWebView继承自UIView, 所以如果想设置scrollView的一些属性, 需要对此属性进行配置@property (nonatomic, readonly, strong) UIScrollView *scrollView;// 是否允许手势左滑返回上一级, 类似导航控制的左滑返回@property (nonatomic) BOOL allowsBackForwardNavigationGestures;//自定义UserAgent, 会覆盖默认的值 ,iOS 9之后有效@property (nullable, nonatomic, copy) NSString *customUserAgent
常用方法:
// 带配置信息的初始化方法// configuration 配置信息- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame configuration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration// 加载请求- (nullable WKNavigation *)loadRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request;// 加载HTML- (nullable WKNavigation *)loadHTMLString:(NSString *)string baseURL:(nullable NSURL *)baseURL;// 返回上一级- (nullable WKNavigation *)goBack;// 前进下一级, 需要曾经打开过, 才能前进- (nullable WKNavigation *)goForward;// 刷新页面- (nullable WKNavigation *)reload;// 根据缓存有效期来刷新页面- (nullable WKNavigation *)reloadFromOrigin;// 停止加载页面- (void)stopLoading;// 执行JavaScript代码- (void)evaluateJavaScript:(NSString *)javaScriptString completionHandler:(void (^ _Nullable)(_Nullable id, NSError * _Nullable error))completionHandler;
2. WKWebViewConfiguration:配置信息
可以用配置信息来初始化WKWebView.
属性有:
//关于网页的设置 @property (nonatomic, strong) WKPreferences *preferences; //JavaScript与原生交互的桥梁 @property (nonatomic, strong) WKUserContentController *userContentController; //提供了网站所能使用的数据类型 @property (nonatomic, strong) WKWebsiteDataStore *websiteDataStore API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.11), ios(9.0)); //是否允许播放媒体文件 @property (nonatomic) BOOL allowsAirPlayForMediaPlayback API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.11), ios(9.0)); //是使用h5的视频播放器在线播放, 还是使用原生播放器全屏播放 @property (nonatomic) BOOL allowsInlineMediaPlayback; //需要用户允许才能播放的媒体类型 @property (nonatomic) WKAudiovisualMediaTypes mediaTypesRequiringUserActionForPlayback API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.12), ios(10.0));
2.1 WKPreference:
WKPreferences *preference = [[WKPreferences alloc]init]; //最小字体大小 preference.minimumFontSize = 0; //是否支持javaScript,默认YES preference.javaScriptEnabled = YES; //是否允许不经过用户交互由javaScript自动打开窗口 preference.javaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically = YES;
2.2 WKUserContentController
// 注入JavaScript与原生交互协议// JS 端可通过 window.webkit.messageHandlers..postMessage() 发送消息- (void)addScriptMessageHandler:(id)scriptMessageHandler name:(NSString *)name;// 移除注入的协议, 在deinit方法中调用- (void)removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:(NSString *)name;// 通过WKUserScript注入需要执行的JavaScript代码- (void)addUserScript:(WKUserScript *)userScript;// 移除所有注入的JavaScript代码- (void)removeAllUserScripts;
使用WKUserContentController注入的交互协议, 需要遵循WKScriptMessageHandler协议, 在其协议方法中获取JavaScript端传递的事件和参数:
JS调用OC:
简单理解就是:[userController addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@"JSSendToOC"];//userController是一个WKUserContentController对象,‘JSSendToOC’是方法名,
当JS端通过window.webkit.messageHandlers.JSSendToOC.postMessage()方法调用'JSSendToOC'方法时,我们可以通过下面的协议方法获取到JS端传过来的数据,做我们的操作。
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message;WKScriptMessage包含了传递的协议名称及参数, 主要从下面的属性中获取:// 协议名称, 即上面的add方法传递的name@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *name;// 传递的参数@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) id body;
OC调用JS:
NSString *js = @"callJsFunction('hahaha')"; [self.webView evaluateJavaScript:js completionHandler:^(id _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) { NSLog(@"response:%@..error:%@",response,error); }];
这里是调用了JS的‘callJsFunction’方法,这个方法名是随便起的。
2.3 WKWebsiteDataStore
WKWebsiteDataStore 提供了网站所能使用的数据类型,包括 cookies,硬盘缓存,内存缓存活在一些WebSQL的数据持久化和本地持久化。可通过 WKWebViewConfiguration类的属性 websiteDataStore 进行相关的设置。WKWebsiteDataStore相关的API也比较简单:
// 默认的data store+ (WKWebsiteDataStore *)defaultDataStore;// 如果为webView设置了这个data Store,则不会有数据缓存被写入文件// 当需要实现隐私浏览的时候,可使用这个+ (WKWebsiteDataStore *)nonPersistentDataStore;// 是否是可缓存数据的,只读@property (nonatomic, readonly, getter=isPersistent) BOOL persistent;// 获取所有可使用的数据类型+ (NSSet*)allWebsiteDataTypes;// 查找指定类型的缓存数据// 回调的值是WKWebsiteDataRecord的集合- (void)fetchDataRecordsOfTypes:(NSSet *)dataTypes completionHandler:(void (^)(NSArray *))completionHandler;// 删除指定的纪录// 这里的参数是通过上面的方法查找到的WKWebsiteDataRecord实例获取的- (void)removeDataOfTypes:(NSSet *)dataTypes forDataRecords:(NSArray *)dataRecords completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler;// 删除某时间后修改的某类型的数据- (void)removeDataOfTypes:(NSSet *)websiteDataTypes modifiedSince:(NSDate *)date completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler;// 保存的HTTP cookies@property (nonatomic, readonly) WKHTTPCookieStore *httpCookieStore
dataTypes:
// 硬盘缓存WKWebsiteDataTypeDiskCache,// HTML离线web应用程序缓存WKWebsiteDataTypeOfflineWebApplicationCache,// 内存缓存WKWebsiteDataTypeMemoryCache,// 本地缓存WKWebsiteDataTypeLocalStorage,// cookiesWKWebsiteDataTypeCookies,// HTML会话存储WKWebsiteDataTypeSessionStorage,// IndexedDB 数据库WKWebsiteDataTypeIndexedDBDatabases,// WebSQL 数据库WKWebsiteDataTypeWebSQLDatabases
dataRecord:
// 展示名称, 通常是域名@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *displayName;// 包含的数据类型@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSSet*dataTypes;
关于此类的简单使用:
1.删除指定时间的所有类型数据
NSSet *websiteDataTypes = [WKWebsiteDataStore allWebsiteDataTypes]; NSDate *dateFrom = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSince1970:0]; [[WKWebsiteDataStore defaultDataStore] removeDataOfTypes:websiteDataTypes modifiedSince:dateFrom completionHandler:^{ // Done NSLog(@"释放"); }];
2.查找删除
WKWebsiteDataStore *dataStore = [WKWebsiteDataStore defaultDataStore]; [dataStore fetchDataRecordsOfTypes:[WKWebsiteDataStore allWebsiteDataTypes] completionHandler:^(NSArray* _Nonnull records) { for (WKWebsiteDataRecord *record in records) { [dataStore removeDataOfTypes:record.dataTypes forDataRecords:@[record] completionHandler:^{ // done }]; } }];
3.查找删除特定的内容
WKWebsiteDataStore *dataStore = [WKWebsiteDataStore defaultDataStore]; [dataStore fetchDataRecordsOfTypes:[WKWebsiteDataStore allWebsiteDataTypes] completionHandler:^(NSArray* _Nonnull records) { for (WKWebsiteDataRecord *record in records) { if ([record.displayName isEqualToString:@"baidu"]) { [dataStore removeDataOfTypes:record.dataTypes forDataRecords:@[record] completionHandler:^{ // done }]; } } }];
WKNavigationDelegate:
#pragma mark - WKNavigationDelegate//请求加载之前,决定是否跳转- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler{ NSLog(@"加载前允许跳转"); decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow);}//开始加载时调用- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didStartProvisionalNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation{ NSLog(@"开始加载");}//收到响应开始加载后,决定是否跳转- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:(WKNavigationResponse *)navigationResponse decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationResponsePolicy))decisionHandler{ NSLog(@"收到响应后允许跳转"); decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyAllow);}//内容开始返回时调用- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didCommitNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation{ NSLog(@"开始返回内容");}//加载完成时调用- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation{ NSLog(@"加载完成"); self.title = webView.title;}//加载失败调用- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailProvisionalNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation withError:(NSError *)error{ NSLog(@"加载失败");}//收到服务器重定向请求后调用- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveServerRedirectForProvisionalNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation{ NSLog(@"服务器重定向");}//当main frame最后下载数据失败时,会回调- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation withError:(NSError *)error{ NSLog(@"返回内容发生错误");}//用于授权验证的API,与AFN、UIWebView的授权验证API是一样的- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition, NSURLCredential * _Nullable credential))completionHandler{ completionHandler(NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling,nil);}//当web content处理完成时,会回调- (void)webViewWebContentProcessDidTerminate:(WKWebView *)webView API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.11), ios(9.0)){ NSLog(@"WebContent完成");}
这里放一个完整的WKWebView例子,仅供参考:
//初始化WKPreferences,并设置相关属性 WKPreferences *preference = [[WKPreferences alloc]init]; //初始化WKUserContentController,并设置相关属性 WKUserContentController *userController = [[WKUserContentController alloc]init];// 添加在js中操作的对象名称,通过该对象来向web view发送消息// JS 端可通过 window.webkit.messageHandlers..postMessage() 发送消息// [userController addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@"JSSendToOC"]; //初始化WKWebsiteDataStore,并设置相关属性 WKWebsiteDataStore *dataStore = [WKWebsiteDataStore defaultDataStore];// 如果为webView设置了这个data Store,则不会有数据缓存被写入文件// 当需要实现隐私浏览的时候,可使用这个// WKWebsiteDataStore *dataStore = [WKWebsiteDataStore nonPersistentDataStore]; //配置信息 WKWebViewConfiguration *configuration = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc]init]; configuration.preferences = preference; configuration.userContentController = userController; configuration.websiteDataStore = dataStore; self.iWKWebView = [[WKWebView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 64, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height-64) configuration:configuration]; self.iWKWebView.navigationDelegate = self; self.iWKWebView.UIDelegate = self; self.iWKWebView.allowsBackForwardNavigationGestures = YES; NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://www.baidu.com"]; NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]; [self.iWKWebView loadRequest:request]; [self.view addSubview:self.iWKWebView];
再加一个知识点:WKWebView加载的时候添加一个自定义的进度条。
此时我们需要获取到webview加载的进度数值。
这里可以通过添加监听来获取。
[self.iWKWebView addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"estimatedProgress" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
estimatedProgress是WKWebView的一个属性。
-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary*)change context:(void *)context{ if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"estimatedProgress"] && object==self.iWKWebView) { //获取到webview的进度数值,加载自定义的进度条 //self.iWKWebView.estimatedProgress } }
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